The stack of ungraded papers threatened to topple onto the floor. Sarah, her face illuminated by the harsh fluorescent lights of the classroom, ran a hand through her hair, snagging a few stray strands on her tired fingers. She’d planned to finish them last night, but the endless to-do list, the emails, the meetings, the parent-teacher conferences… it had all conspired to defeat her. A sharp pain throbbed behind her eyes.

A small, brightly wrapped package sat on her desk. She didn’t remember seeing it earlier. Her name, scrawled in a familiar, looping script, was on the tag. It was from Emily Carter, a student from five years ago. Sarah remembered Emily: bright, creative, always a bit shy.

The small box held a collection of teas and a handwritten note. “Thank you, Mrs. Davis,” the note read, “for always seeing the good in everyone, even when things got… difficult.” Sarah felt a sudden, unexpected sting behind her eyes, the exhaustion momentarily forgotten. She clutched the note, its words a small, bright beacon in the gathering darkness.

Emotion: overwhelmed

Cluster: Fear / Anxiety
PC1 (Valence): -2.52 Negative
PC2 (Disposition): -0.94

Role in Research

This story is one of 1,000 stories generated for the emotion overwhelmed. During extraction, it was fed through Gemma4-31B and its hidden state activations were captured at 11 layers.

The mean activation across all 1,000 overwhelmed stories, after denoising with neutral dialogue baselines, produces the overwhelmed emotion vector -- a direction in the model's 5,376-dimensional representation space.

Logit Lens (Layer 40)

Tokens promoted/suppressed when the overwhelmed vector is projected through the unembedding matrix.

Promoted:
S0.385
😫0.332
😖0.319
😣0.319
😩0.314
Suppressed:
la-0.576
de-0.496
a-0.297
happy-0.290
l-0.264