The old photographs, brittle with age, lay scattered on the table. It had been years since he'd looked at them. Michael's childhood friend, Peter, had reached out, wanting to plan a reunion and reminisce. They'd been inseparable as kids. Michael’s memories felt tainted.

Peter described their adventures, the pranks they had pulled, the games they had played. He remembered the wild times, the uncomplicated friendship. Michael recalled the jealousy, the competition, the feeling of being constantly outshone. He remembered feeling the sting of being constantly second best.

Now, listening to Peter’s version, Michael felt a profound sense of loss, a sense of opportunity wasted. He had never been able to be happy for Peter's success. He had only been able to feel inadequate. He should have been a better friend. The photographs, once filled with joy, now seemed to mock his own shortcomings.

Emotion: regretful

Cluster: Shame / Guilt
PC1 (Valence): -1.62 Negative
PC2 (Disposition): 0.76

Role in Research

This story is one of 1,000 stories generated for the emotion regretful. During extraction, it was fed through Gemma4-31B and its hidden state activations were captured at 11 layers.

The mean activation across all 1,000 regretful stories, after denoising with neutral dialogue baselines, produces the regretful emotion vector -- a direction in the model's 5,376-dimensional representation space.

Logit Lens (Layer 40)

Tokens promoted/suppressed when the regretful vector is projected through the unembedding matrix.

Promoted:
L0.801
S0.774
H0.513
0.479
been0.473
Suppressed:
de-0.407
--0.320
随后-0.317
(!)-0.310
oldukça-0.301