The small, independent bookstore smelled of old paper and dust. Liam ran a hand over the spines of the books, the familiar comfort of the printed word failing to soothe his agitation. His novel, the one he had poured his soul into, was out, but under a different name, a more well-known author with a more successful record.

He didn't read his own work. He couldn't. He looked at the window display, the book he’d written among the shelves filled with other people's stories. The vibrant cover art seemed to taunt him. He felt a deep, pervasive sense of unease settle over him.

He was left with a heavy, leaden feeling in his chest. A feeling he couldn't shake.

Emotion: regretful

Cluster: Shame / Guilt
PC1 (Valence): -1.62 Negative
PC2 (Disposition): 0.76

Role in Research

This story is one of 1,000 stories generated for the emotion regretful. During extraction, it was fed through Gemma4-31B and its hidden state activations were captured at 11 layers.

The mean activation across all 1,000 regretful stories, after denoising with neutral dialogue baselines, produces the regretful emotion vector -- a direction in the model's 5,376-dimensional representation space.

Logit Lens (Layer 40)

Tokens promoted/suppressed when the regretful vector is projected through the unembedding matrix.

Promoted:
L0.801
S0.774
H0.513
0.479
been0.473
Suppressed:
de-0.407
--0.320
随后-0.317
(!)-0.310
oldukça-0.301