He felt a burning sensation in his chest, a tight knot that was rapidly tightening. The flight to Denver was held up because of a fault in the engine. It did not matter. David would get there; he was committed to supporting his daughter in her first major presentation. The airline offered rebooking, a voucher for a hotel room. They did not understand. He didn’t want their options. He stared at the mechanic, who was fumbling around with the engine, and clenched his fists, silently commanding him to fix the problem.

Emotion: stubborn

Cluster: Defiance / Spite
PC1 (Valence): 0.80 Positive
PC2 (Disposition): 3.73

Role in Research

This story is one of 1,000 stories generated for the emotion stubborn. During extraction, it was fed through Gemma4-31B and its hidden state activations were captured at 11 layers.

The mean activation across all 1,000 stubborn stories, after denoising with neutral dialogue baselines, produces the stubborn emotion vector -- a direction in the model's 5,376-dimensional representation space.

Logit Lens (Layer 40)

Tokens promoted/suppressed when the stubborn vector is projected through the unembedding matrix.

Promoted:
de0.780
l0.685
la0.605
either0.580
a0.501
Suppressed:
难以-0.435
终于-0.419
顿时-0.405
竟然-0.396
wondering-0.391