- Step 1: User enters prompt.
- Step 2: Google runs fan-out queries.
- Step 3: System generates trimmed versions of all grounding source page texts.
- Step 4: All snippets are supplied to the model as context together with user prompt.
- Step 5: Model generates the answer and applies citations.
But how much if your page content actually makes it to the model?
About one third on average.
| Metric | Value |
| Total Characters Across All Pages | 21,198 |
| Total Characters Cited | 6,818 |
| Total Characters Not Cited | 14,380 |
| Overall Citation Coverage | 32.16% |
Here’s what the model gets in its raw form.
Prompt: Where can I design and order custom running apparel online?
Raw Grounding Context:
[SearchResults(query=”design and order custom running apparel online”, results=[PerQueryResult(index=’1′, snippet='<b>Running</b> T-<b>shirts</b> – <b>Custom Running Shirts</b> & <b>Apparel</b> for <b>Race</b> & Marathon Runners: Design custom running clothing online for your race, team, or marathon. Free shipping, live help, and thousands of design ideas. Customized wicking running shirts.\n…\nFinish First in Custom Running Shirts<br><br> … from the sidelines? Custom Ink can help! It’s simple—just pick a product and start designing! Use our clipart or upload your own artwork, add text, finesse your design, and order it! Once you order, you’ll have your custom running shirts in your hands in 2 weeks or less with a full money-back guarantee. Design for your whole running club or make just one. Fast, easy, guaranteed—hit your design stride at Custom Ink!\n…\nCustomize one of our designs or upload your own running art or logo.\n…\n\n- “The Design Lab Makes It Fun & Easy to Design”\n- Fundraising.\n- Pro Services.\n- “Tips & Advice.”\n- T-shirt Creator.\n…\n\n- More Running Apparel\n- Dash Shirts.\n- Fun Run Shirts.\n- Marathon T-shirts.\n- Miles Shirts.\n- Ragnar Relay Shirts.\n- Runners Shirts.\n- Running Shirts.\n- Running Shirts for Men.\n- Running Shirts for Women.\n- Running Tank Tops.’, source_title=’customink.com’, url=’https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEyiI2SS7HjYDIMacgjg7SZq6H_OyyGkcOOzYlHXt–1fdZ9ApuoxVs2NgEeFnr4l3qSUb1MxxdLsyygGXBvpBt2xBXwhwj-CIFnvYdHx3o80FX0SM5WYy97PlsB9mbqMb5H0D0Jz8KrQ==’), PerQueryResult(index=’2′, snippet='<b>Custom Running</b> Jerseys & T-<b>Shirts</b> | <b>Design</b> Yours Now – TD sportswear: Design your own custom running shirts and jerseys in your team colours and logos. Simply request a quote and instantly calculate your price on this page.\n…\nCan I print my own running shirt with no minimum order? Yes, you can! At TD Sportswear, we allow you to design and order just one custom running shirt or jersey. This is perfect for solo athletes, gift ideas, or testing a design before team production. You still get full quality, custom colours, logos, and guaranteed fit—without a minimum order requirement.\n…\nLET US DESIGN YOUR PERSONALIZED RUNNING SHIRTS FOR TEAMS & EVENTS. Prefer to let professionals handle your design? Simply provide your logos and preferences, and our expert designers will create a custom running kit that stands out. We stay ahead of the latest trends to ensure you look and feel great while running.\n…\nDESIGN YOUR OWN CUSTOM RUNNING JERSEY? If you don’t want to design your own custom running shirts and gear, we’ve got you covered. Our team will create a unique design based on your ideas, ensuring your running apparel looks and performs at its best. Just share your feedback, select your sizes, and we’ll handle the rest. Your custom running gear will be delivered within 2 to 4 weeks.\n…\nOUR GUARANTEES FOR YOUR CUSTOM RUNNING T-SHIRTS WITH LOGOS<br><br> We guarantee premium quality for all custom running jerseys, shirts, and apparel. Order from just one piece and choose any design you like. As the fastest custom supplier, we ensure you’re always ready for your next run. Start designing today or let us do it for you. Plus, our size charts ensure a 100% perfect fit!’, source_title=’tdsportswear.com’, url=’https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGTJLKR7kPe_hbNo4B6ZiG-kBypsNZeup0oTnd6YT22Hasdat2i8gnZDbnc6iuPmQoIyc6J2Jc588gcMNXK36yP7Y_HKcpVlKiAg7eC8cCgpKPpcY9FYjLnaA2S3qMsEV_TMk6ixi0g-fsUeA==’), PerQueryResult(index=’3′, snippet='<b>Customized Running Apparel</b> · Gobik <b>Custom</b> Works: Design your custom running apparel. T-shirts, leggings, shorts, pants… Enjoy a unique running sensation with a design completely adapted to your idea. Technical fabrics, with maximum performance, tested to achieve maximum sporting performance.\n…\nEach group is a world, and each one of them is full of very different emotions. At Gobik we know this, and that is why we have been taking customization to its maximum expression for more than 10 years through personalized concepts, exclusive designs and high quality materials. Everything you need to stop feeling unique, and become unique.\n…\n\n- 22 products\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. ESSENTIAL. MEN. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. ESSENTIAL. WOMEN. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. FLASH. MEN. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. FLASH. WOMEN. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. PRISM. MEN CUSTOM. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. PRISM. WOMEN CUSTOM. … “\n- “TECHNICAL TEE. PRISM. KIDS CUSTOM. … “\n- “LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE. FLASH. MEN. … “\n- “LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE. FLASH. WOMEN. … “\n- “SLEEVELESS JERSEY. IGNITE. UNISEX CUSTOM. … “\n- “TANK TOP. ENERGY. MEN. … “\n- “TANK TOP. ENERGY. WOMEN. … “\n- “JACKET. WINDPEAK-R. UNISEX CUSTOM. … “\n- “SKIRT. X-TRAIL. WOMEN. … “\n- “3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. MEN. … “\n- “3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. WOMEN. … “\n- “SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. MEN. … “\n- “SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. … “\n- “LONG RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. … “\n- “LONG RUNNING TIGHTS. FLASH. … “\n- “SHORTS. X-TRAIL. … “\n- “SHORTS. ENERGY. … “\n- New Team Store.\n…\n\n- Filter\n- 3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS (2) 3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- JACKET (1) JACKET (1 products)\n- LONG RUNNING TIGHTS (2) LONG RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE (2) LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE (2 products)\n- SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS (2) SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- SHORTS (2) SHORTS (2 products)\n- SKIRT (1) SKIRT (1 products)\n- SLEEVELESS JERSEY (1) SLEEVELESS JERSEY (1 product)\n- TANK TOP (2) TANK TOP (2 products)\n- TECHNICAL TEE (7) TECHNICAL TEE (7 products)\n…\n\n- “Filter:”\n- 3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS (2) 3/4 RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- JACKET (1) JACKET (1 product)\n- LONG RUNNING TIGHTS (2) LONG RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE (2) LONG SLEEVE TECHNICAL TEE (2 products)\n- SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS (2) SHORT RUNNING TIGHTS (2 products)\n- SHORTS (2) SHORTS (2 products)\n- SKIRT (1) SKIRT (1 product)\n- SLEEVELESS JERSEY (1) SLEEVELESS JERSEY (1 product)\n- TANK TOP (2) TANK TOP (2 products)\n- TECHNICAL TEE (7) TECHNICAL TEE (7 products)’, source_title=’gobik.com’, url=’https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF1wa0q3zzLt7TVvY1jOrTHKW5jfCvTbo2WelMNBHJuFEUBtJFgZsvajsPyw4PpbLWAiufKdHMQj6MEdiT3wiP0oyLVXnzZ6MMtGkmAcK5wGM9A6Lw6MJ6t8BpdlN3P0navbosd5ss3BzQI’), PerQueryResult(index=’4′, snippet='<b>Custom Running Shirts</b> – owayo: owayo manufactures custom running shirts of professional quality. Your custom running shirts (short sleeves, long sleeves, tank tops, singlets) are created according to your exact design specifications. Choose your own design, colors, texts and add any logos or graphics. All for no extra cost. More…\n…\nIt’s not very aesthetic, but when running with a backpack, the bag rubs directly on the skin because the collar is too loose. 5 / 5. Good quality and delivery times. It would be nice to be able to have personalized shirts without their logo. 4 / 5. See more reviews. Examples. See more examples. Design and Print running tops. We’d be happy to print your next order of running shirts. Below, we’ve outlined the path to ordering running kit: Click on our 3D Designer and pick the product you’d like. Pick from our numerous designs and over 50 colors. Add logos, texts and sponsors and position them as you like. Design your running shirts – here’s how. Begin designing your own running jerseys: Pick the product you’d like and open the 3D Designer. There, you can pick between 50 different colors and designs. You place the logos, text, crests for your running kit and voila, done! Here’s how you order custom running shirts. Once you’ve finished designing your running jerseys, you can order samples, to figure out the sizes you need. Once you’ve found the right sizes, place the running tops in the shopping cart. Then you’ll submit the order; our experts will take a careful look at the design to be sure there are no remaining questions. If everything is correct, we’ll begin production. After a short production period, you’ll have your running shirts in no time. When the time comes, you can reorder your design in any quantity. Questions: We’re here at every step. Do you have unanswered questions about sizing, lead times or reordering? We’re always ready to help – contact us either per telephone or email, or you can contact us over the owayo website. Don’t hesitate, we’re here to help! Popular Topics. Custom Cycling Jerseys Soccer Jerseys Basketball Jerseys Custom Running Shirts Hockey Jerseys Motocross Jerseys Custom MTB Jerseys Esport Jerseys · Bowling Shirts Custom T-Shirts Print Hoodies Headbands Soccer jersey sets Corporate Identity Funny Team Names · RunningProductsCustom …\n…\n\n- “Men’s Running Jerseys”\n- “R5 Pro Cool Running Jersey. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Short Sleeve. 1 piece: $66.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $46.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $35.00 per piece.”\n- “R5 Pro TS Running Jersey. TS-Tex (140 g/m²) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Short Sleeve. 1 piece: $66.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $46.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $35.00 per piece.”\n- “RL5 Pro Cool Long Sleeve Running Jersey. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $72.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $52.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $40.00 per piece.”\n…\n\n- “”\n- “RL5 Pro TS Running Jersey. TS-Tex (140 g/m²) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $72.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $52.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $40.00 per piece.”\n- “RLW5 Pro Running Jersey. Winter Fabric (RW-Tex) Slim Fit. Raised Collar. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $81.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $63.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $49.00 per piece.”\n- “RS5 Pro Cool Running Singlet. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar. Thin Straps. 1 piece: $65.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $45.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $36.00 per piece.”\n…\n\n- “”\n- Running Jerseys. Running Shorts. Jackets. T-Shirts. Hoodies/Polos.\n- “+ Women’s. Running Shirts. Running Shorts. Jackets. T-Shirts. Hoodies/Polos. Leggings.”\n- “+ Kid’s. Running Shirts. T-Shirts.”\n- + Accessories.\n- + Head and neck. Bandanas. Hair Accessories.\n- + Merchandise.\n- + Often searched. Custom Bowling Shirts.’, source_title=’owayo.com’, url=’https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFC-tPHAyMiwEU-delCltSVXFNLvOBcF9rEeDwW6cBAi9JUVLbmIxKkbNCBlkEAeK9iO0fWNPELpEdiQA8BXYl9130z4T1645eZjW_iBw21wdUET8WUlLchzuzLLrxfoo58dzUqj3B8zyRq’), PerQueryResult(index=’5′, snippet='<b>Custom Running</b> Kit – FREE Kit Configurator – OLIK Sport: Design your perfect custom running kit with our expert design team and free kit configurator. Choose any pattern, design, or lettering to create a unique look. Our high-performance running apparel is made from lightweight, breathable fabrics to keep you cool and comfortable, whether you’re jogging, training, or racing. Plus, your kit design is always available – no discontinuations, just quality gear made for you.\n…\nHow to Order Custom Running Apparel. Add the options you want to the cart and order, it really is that simple. We then help with getting your design to production. from the design, choosing sizes and fit – anything is possible just ask.\n…\nView Configure · Windbreaker Jacket. From £32.95. View Configure · Sport Vest. From £12.99. View Configure · Knitted Scarf. From £4.75. View Configure · Baseball Cap. From £3.79. View Configure · Tracksuit Top. From £23.95. View Configure · Tracksuit Bottoms. From £20.95. View Configure · Tracksuit. From £36.95. View Configure · Hoodie. From £23.95. View Configure · Polo Shirt. From £12.99. View Configure · Padded Jacket. From £46.45. View Configure · Full Football Kit. From £21.49. View Configure · Reversible Sports T-Shirt. From £19.95. View Configure · Multi Sport T-Shirt Fixed Designs. From £12.49. View Configure · Hooded Windbreaker Fixed Design. From £29.95. View Configure · Training Top Fixed Design. From £19.45. View Configure · Hooded Tracksuit Top. From £23.45. View Configure · A pair of navy blue custom made drill tracksuit bottoms featuring a white OLIK Sport logo · Drill Tracksuit bottoms. From £20.95. View Configure. Tape. Can’t find what you’re looking for? If you don’t see the design or product you want, send us a message, and our talented designers will help you create your own identity. Help me! Custom Branded Running Kit. We can help you look like a team you deserve to be and be proud to wear your team colours with complete custom kit service. Any colour, any design any logos – your really can have what you want. Design Your Own Running Kits. Send us a photo of something you like or just a sketch. We are professional designers and are here to help and make your kit, your way. Once you order, send us your club logos, sponsors, colours and any information you think we might need. Our professional designers will be in touch to discuss then submit you a design for approval. Voila, your running kits are ready for production! How to Order Custom Running Apparel. Add the options you want to the cart and order, it really is that simple. We then help with getting your design to production. from the design, choosing sizes and fit – anything is possible just …\n…\nDesign Your Own Running Kits<br><br> Send us a photo of something you like or just a sketch. We are professional designers and are here to help and make your kit, your way. Once you order, send us your club logos, sponsors, colours and any information you think we might need. Our professional designers will be in touch to discuss then submit you a design for approval. Voila, your running kits are ready for production!\n…\nCustom Branded Running Kit<br><br> We can help you look like a team you deserve to be and be proud to wear your team colours with complete custom kit service. Any colour, any design any logos – your really can have what you want.’, source_title=’oliksport.com’, url=’https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFvXZ6RgAiKsME3lPp_CaOUpEQnvNN3wp9hUFs6fI98T9OP16GO4mFujJ56YNtzcvtS-YixadmrNQ71VACzarPWthGQc8MWXXI7ZbcC34xnVh-YlkNk1eBDdO7S7dG8jIo=’)])]
Citation Analysis: owayo.com
Source: owayo.com
Citation Snippet
Custom Running Shirts - owayo: owayo manufactures custom running shirts of professional quality. Your custom running shirts (short sleeves, long sleeves, tank tops, singlets) are created according to your exact design specifications. Choose your own design, colors, texts and add any logos or graphics. All for no extra cost. More... ... It's not very aesthetic, but when running with a backpack, the bag rubs directly on the skin because the collar is too loose. 5 / 5. Good quality and delivery times. It would be nice to be able to have personalized shirts without their logo. 4 / 5. See more reviews. Examples. See more examples. Design and Print running tops. We'd be happy to print your next order of running shirts. Below, we've outlined the path to ordering running kit: Click on our 3D Designer and pick the product you'd like. Pick from our numerous designs and over 50 colors. Add logos, texts and sponsors and position them as you like. Design your running shirts - here's how. Begin designing your own running jerseys: Pick the product you'd like and open the 3D Designer. There, you can pick between 50 different colors and designs. You place the logos, text, crests for your running kit and voila, done! Here's how you order custom running shirts. Once you've finished designing your running jerseys, you can order samples, to figure out the sizes you need. Once you've found the right sizes, place the running tops in the shopping cart. Then you'll submit the order; our experts will take a careful look at the design to be sure there are no remaining questions. If everything is correct, we'll begin production. After a short production period, you'll have your running shirts in no time. When the time comes, you can reorder your design in any quantity. Questions: We're here at every step. Do you have unanswered questions about sizing, lead times or reordering? We're always ready to help - contact us either per telephone or email, or you can contact us over the owayo website. Don't hesitate, we're here to help! Popular Topics. Custom Cycling Jerseys Soccer Jerseys Basketball Jerseys Custom Running Shirts Hockey Jerseys Motocross Jerseys Custom MTB Jerseys Esport Jerseys · Bowling Shirts Custom T-Shirts Print Hoodies Headbands Soccer jersey sets Corporate Identity Funny Team Names · RunningProductsCustom ... ... - "Men's Running Jerseys" - "R5 Pro Cool Running Jersey. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Short Sleeve. 1 piece: $66.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $46.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $35.00 per piece." - "R5 Pro TS Running Jersey. TS-Tex (140 g/m²) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Short Sleeve. 1 piece: $66.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $46.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $35.00 per piece." - "RL5 Pro Cool Long Sleeve Running Jersey. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $72.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $52.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $40.00 per piece." ... - "" - "RL5 Pro TS Running Jersey. TS-Tex (140 g/m²) Slim Fit. Round Collar | V-Neck. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $72.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $52.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $40.00 per piece." - "RLW5 Pro Running Jersey. Winter Fabric (RW-Tex) Slim Fit. Raised Collar. Long Sleeve. 1 piece: $81.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $63.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $49.00 per piece." - "RS5 Pro Cool Running Singlet. Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling) Slim Fit. Round Collar. Thin Straps. 1 piece: $65.00 per piece. 10 pieces: $45.00 per piece. 50 pieces: $36.00 per piece." ... - "" - Running Jerseys. Running Shorts. Jackets. T-Shirts. Hoodies/Polos. - "+ Women's. Running Shirts. Running Shorts. Jackets. T-Shirts. Hoodies/Polos. Leggings." - "+ Kid's. Running Shirts. T-Shirts." - + Accessories. - + Head and neck. Bandanas. Hair Accessories. - + Merchandise. - + Often searched. Custom Bowling Shirts.
Rationale for Inclusion (Green Text)
The text included in the citation snippet from the owayo.com source generally corresponds to:
- The core service offering: “owayo manufactures custom running shirts of professional quality,” and the types of items available (short sleeves, long sleeves, tank tops, singlets).
- Customization options: “Choose your own design, colors, texts and add any logos or graphics. All for no extra cost.”
- Key process steps: Mentions of the “3D Designer,” picking products/colors, adding logos/texts, and the ordering process (ordering samples, expert review, production).
- Pricing and Product Examples: Specific details about product lines like “R5 Pro Cool Running Jersey,” fabric type (“Run-Tex (105 g/m², cooling)”), fit, and tiered pricing (e.g., “1 piece: $66.00 per piece”).
- Customer Interaction/Support: Mentions of support, questions about sizing/lead times, and contact options.
- Keywords/Popular Topics: Inclusion of related popular search terms like “Custom Running Shirts,” “Custom Cycling Jerseys,” etc., which confirm the site’s scope.
The included text directly addresses the user’s query about where to design and order custom running apparel, detailing the specific features, product examples, and ordering process of that vendor.
Rationale for Exclusion (Red Text)
The text excluded from the citation snippet generally consists of:
- Navigational/Structural Elements: Header/Footer text, menu items, section titles that are not directly descriptive of the service’s core value proposition for the user’s immediate need (“SPORTS,” “PRODUCTS,” “SUPPORT,” “CONTACT,” “SHOPPING CART,” “MAGAZINE”).
- Promotional/Time-Sensitive Claims: Specific, non-essential marketing points like “Up to 50% off” or delivery window “Shipped in 7 to 18 days” (though delivery time is sometimes mentioned generally in the final response, these specific windows were omitted).
- Non-Running Sports/Categories: Mentions of other sports products or categories that the company also offers (“Soccer Jerseys,” “Hockey Jerseys,” “Custom MTB Jerseys,” etc.), as the user specifically asked for running apparel.
- Specific Customer Feedback Details: While the overall positive reviews are summarized in the final answer, the exact verbatim customer quotes and their specific 5/5 or 4/5 ratings were not included in the final snippet, only the parts of the text that described the service itself.
- Legal/Copyright Information: Copyright notices, company addresses, and full legal links (“© 2025 owayo, Inc. All rights reserved,” “Legal Information,” etc.).
The excluded text was irrelevant boilerplate, site navigation, overly specific product details not core to the process, or promotional claims that don’t describe the functionality of designing/ordering, which is what the citation needs to support.
Individual Source Statistics
1. CustomInk.com
• Total Characters: 2,959
• Cited Characters: 733
• Not Cited: 2,226
• Coverage: 24.77%
2. TDSportswear.com
• Total Characters: 8,164
• Cited Characters: 1,793
• Not Cited: 6,371
• Coverage: 21.96%
3. Gobik.com
• Total Characters: 2,608
• Cited Characters: 547
• Not Cited: 2,061
• Coverage: 20.97%
4. Owayo.com
• Total Characters: 5,530
• Cited Characters: 2,490
• Not Cited: 3,040
• Coverage: 45.03%
5. OlikSport.com
• Total Characters: 1,937
• Cited Characters: 1,255
• Not Cited: 682
• Coverage: 64.79%
Coverage Range
The citation coverage varies significantly across sources, ranging from 20.97% (Gobik.com) to 64.79% (OlikSport.com), indicating that the Vertex AI Search grounding algorithm selects different proportions of content based on relevance and quality.
High Performers
• OlikSport.com (64.79%) – Nearly two-thirds of the content was cited
• Owayo.com (45.03%) – Almost half of the content was cited
Low Performers
• Gobik.com (20.97%) – Only about one-fifth of the content was cited
• TDSportswear.com (21.96%) – Similar low citation rate
• CustomInk.com (24.77%) – Just under one-quarter cited
Methodology
Character-based Analysis: Coverage was calculated by comparing the character positions in the original webpage content against the citation snippets. Each character position was marked as either “cited” or “not cited” based on whether it appeared in the search result snippet.
Matching Algorithm: The analysis used fuzzy matching to identify phrases and sentences from the original content that appeared in the citations, accounting for minor formatting differences while maintaining accuracy.


Leave a Reply