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Superintelligence (SI)

A hypothetical system whose cognitive performance greatly exceeds the best human minds in nearly every domain. No system has reached it, and there is no agreed test for when one would.

Superintelligence (SI) is an intellect that outperforms the best humans across nearly every field of thought, including science, strategy and social reasoning. It sits one step past AGI, which targets human-level performance across the full range of tasks. No existing system meets either bar. Superintelligence remains a goal: AI labs name it in their mission statements, and researchers study it as a future possibility.

Where the term comes from

  1. 1965. I. J. Good described an "ultraintelligent machine" that could design better machines than any person. Each generation would improve the next, and he called the result an "intelligence explosion".
  2. 1993. Vernor Vinge's essay "The Coming Technological Singularity" predicted that greater-than-human intelligence would arrive within 30 years. That date has passed and the prediction did not come true.
  3. 2014. Nick Bostrom's book Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies defined the term as "any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest". This is the definition people quote most often today.

The forms Bostrom described

  1. Speed superintelligence. It thinks like a human mind but runs many times faster.
  2. Collective superintelligence. A large number of smaller intellects work together and outperform any single mind.
  3. Quality superintelligence. It is at least as fast as a human and much smarter in kind.

Narrow superhuman performance already exists

Some systems already beat the best humans in one domain. Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov at chess in 1997, AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol at Go in 2016, and AlphaFold predicted protein structures at near-experimental accuracy in 2020. Each of these systems can do nothing outside its own domain. To count as superintelligence, a system must have that kind of lead in nearly every domain at the same time.

Who is working toward it

In July 2023 OpenAI started a "Superalignment" team to control systems smarter than humans, and it committed 20% of its compute to that team. The team was dissolved in May 2024. In June 2024 Ilya Sutskever co-founded Safe Superintelligence Inc., whose stated goal is to build superintelligence as its only product. In June 2025 Meta grouped its AI research under Meta Superintelligence Labs. Each of these is a stated goal. No lab has claimed a working system.

What it changes for AI visibility

Current AI visibility work does not depend on the concept. Brands are cited and recommended by large language models with retrieval attached, and by AI agents. These systems are narrow, and superintelligence describes a destination that some labs have announced.

Related concepts

  1. AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)
  2. Large Language Model
  3. AI Agent
  4. Training Data


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