Definition
Explains what a term or concept means.
Grounding Source ≠ Citation ≠ Mention
Being a cited grounding source does not mean your brand was mentioned in the answer, and being mentioned does not mean you were cited. They are correlated but distinct events produced at different stages of the AI answer pipeline — and conflating them is the source of most AI-visibility measurement
Primary Bias
Primary bias is what an AI model already believes about your brand before it searches: an ungrounded confidence baked into training that becomes the biggest factor in whether your content is selected in AI answers.
Grounding Snippets
Grounding snippets are the short, extractive sentences AI systems pull from your page to build their answers: the atomic unit of AI-search visibility, where most of your page never makes the cut.
Selection Rate Optimization
Selection Rate Optimization is the AI-search counterpart to click-through-rate optimization: improving how often AI systems choose your content as the source they ground and cite their answers on.
Relevance Engineering
Relevance Engineering is the practice of building a page's semantic relevance to a query with embeddings and vector math, treating search visibility as an engineering problem rather than keyword optimization.
AEO (Answer Engine Optimization)
AEO (Answer Engine Optimization) is optimizing to be the answer that AI assistants and answer engines give to a question.
AIO (AI Optimization)
AIO (AI Optimization) is shaping your content and presence so AI systems favor them in generated responses — one route to AI Visibility.
What is AI SEO?
AI SEO optimizes content and brands for inclusion in generated answers. Explore how AI answers work, compare AI and traditional SEO, and view 2026 data.
GEO (Generative Engine Optimization)
GEO (Generative Engine Optimization) is optimizing for LLM-powered search and chat so your brand and pages appear in generated answers.
The Open Knowledge Format (OKF)
Google Cloud's Open Knowledge Format is an open, vendor-neutral way to package the context AI systems need, as plain markdown files any model or agent can read.
AI Visibility
AI Visibility is the outcome of AI-centric SEO, focusing on being cited and recommended by AI systems through brand mentions and source citations in answers.
Fanout Query Analysis
An analysis of 365,920 fanout queries from Google, OpenAI, and Amazon reveals how different AI models generate internal search queries for web grounding.
RexBERT
RexBERT is a domain-specialized language model trained on e-commerce text to optimize product titles, descriptions, attribute extraction, and semantic search.
EmbeddingGemma: The Game-Changing Model Every SEO Professional Needs to Know
Google's EmbeddingGemma is a multilingual embedding model that mirrors Gemini's architecture to provide insights into semantic search and query intent.
What is “Help Me Write” in Chrome?
Help Me Write is Google Chrome's AI-powered assistant that generates context-aware text suggestions for short-form content like emails, posts, and forms.
Cosine Similarity or Dot Product?
An examination of the Chrome codebase reveals that the history_embeddings component uses the dot product of normalized vectors to perform similarity searches.
Dissecting Gemini’s Tokenizer and Token Scores
Explore how Google’s Gemini processes text using subword tokenization. Use this tool to inspect SentencePiece log-likelihood scores for common and rare tokens.
What is GEO?
Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) is a term used to describe SEO for AI assistants and generative search engines, often based on a single research paper.
Temperature Parameter for Controlling AI Randomness
The temperature parameter in generative AI models influences randomness and creativity by rescaling the probability distribution of potential next words.
Probability Threshold for Top-p (Nucleus) Sampling
Top-p sampling, or nucleus sampling, is a parameter used in generative AI to control text randomness by selecting words based on a cumulative probability.
Google’s Privacy Sandbox: Navigating the Cookieless Future
An examination of Google's Privacy Sandbox, focusing on the technical details and privacy implications of the Topics API and the FLEDGE API.